Technical Drawing Supplies

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Uninterruptible Power Supply - Consider Required Watts Before Buying a UPS

When buying a Power Backup,  UPS VA is used to appraise UPS Size. New computers, designed to comply with recent green oriented standards, feature input power factor correction which requires considering UPS Watt capacity when sizing a UPS.

 Two figures Volt – Ampere (VA) and Watt (W) define Uninterruptible Power Supply capacity. Both should be above corresponding load requirements. 

VA represents the total (sometimes called apparent) Power, derived simply by multiplying Main's Voltage by consumer's Current (Amperes).  

Watt figure represents the True power, required by the computer power supplies, derived by multiplying Main's Voltage by the value of Main's frequency Current component. The ratio of Watt to VA is defined as Power factor (PF). 

Normally, Computer Power Supply's input current has a pulse shaped waveform. This current comprises basic mains frequency sinusoidal component of about 0.7 (70 %) of total current and also parasitic higher harmonics, which increase input current but do not contribute to the power which the Computer Power Supply can deliver.

 Thus, a standard 120V server drawing, for instance, 2.5A from the mains, has input power rating of 300 VA (120V x 2.5 A) and 210W (300VA x 0.7), and requires at least 300VA/ 210W UPS.

 Recent movement towards a green world affects also legislation of server power supplies, demanding to increase server's efficiency and decrease pollution of grid by elimination of unwanted current harmonics. New computer power supplies, which implement power factor correction to achieve sinusoidal input current with almost unity power factor, are the common trend.

Latest regulations, such as Energy Star, require server input power factor figure to be above 0.95 at full load. Thus, a new 120V server drawing 2.5A from mains may require 300VA and 285Watt (300VA x 0.95 PF).

  The right UPS rating, to drive such server, should therefore be at least 300VA/ 285Watt. Most 300VA UPS systems are designed to supply maximum 210 Watt loads, and will not be able to feed a load that requires 285 Watt. Before buying a new UPS its Wattage capacity should be verified, to ascertain that it meets not only the VA but also the Watt requirements. 

 If the UPS feeds more than a single server, both total UPS Volt Ampere and Watt ratings should be above the respective VA and Watt sums of the individual servers. 

 Connecting to a UPS consumers that require real power Wattage, above the rating which the UPS supports, might damage UPS's  Inverter semiconductors due to overheating, cause complete battery destruction, and expose the UPS and the critical load to various, severe phenomena harming the UPS as well as the load which it aims to protect 

Mind the Watts, when Sizing a UPS

 Load Volt Ampere and Watt figures are needed for sizing a proper UPS.

VA rating is easily calculated by multiplying Mains (Line) voltage by total consumer's current, generally presented on each consumer's label.   

The Wattage rating is not always displayed on consumer labels or associated documents. In such case, it should be measured by a Watt meter, or obtained from the consumer's supplier. 

 An alternative approach is to assume that the load has a unity power factor and look for a UPS that has a wattage rating, which is equal to the calculated VA rating. This attitude, although more expensive, might be the best approach as it covers also the possibility of future server replacement, which will probably have unity PF rating.

 Both UPS's VA and Watt ratings should exceed the respective load ratings with a reasonable safety margin. Unfortunately we may confront new hurdle when looking for a proper UPS.  Frequently, only UPS's VA figures are provided by sellers or on manufacturer's sales information. The Specific UPS technical specifications should be consulted to get the relevant Wattage rating which the UPS supports.

 UPSonNet solves the problem , by displaying a directory list of Rack Mounted UPS systems, which enables to see at glance available UPS systems from main manufacturers, including VA and Watt ratings. In addition, technical information and links to system suppliers, is presented on UPSonNet website. For more information visit: UPS Directory.    

About the Author

Meir Portnoy is VP of UPSonNet – a leading Information Source, about Power Protection and Power UPS field. Website includes UPS Theory and Selection guides, UPS Industry prices, most extensive UPS Glossary and Essential UPS News, which update about important industry products, developments and trends.
For more information please visit UPSonNet.

Drawing With Pencil : Types of Pencil Drawing Erasers


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Technical Drawing Pencils

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Drawing Your Career

A person can get this talent from birth and can make it has his bread and butter in the long run. A person can be a painter, an artist, or a sketcher and can still deserve the same name and fame which could be seen in other fields.


A professional artist is one who takes up the artistic job to support his life. A professional artist can make use of variety of mediums which may consists of sculpture, painting photography and many more. The artist can work in various fields such as a cartoonist, sketch artist, multimedia artists, and multimedia animators or also as illustrators.


Education requirements is must in this field, although the person may know some kind of artistic work but it is important to get his talent polished. There are some institutions which provide education and training to people who are interested in this field.


Many schools, art colleges and many more technical institutions offer fine art programs. These programs help people in learning about different art techniques, history of art and other humanity subjects. Learning drawing or other artistic works can begin from 4 years and this could scale up to 40 years or more. This field consists of various groups such as


Sculptor: They are those people who work on stones and marbles. They were myriads of sculptors during the Renascence period. Although this is minimized by the beginning of the 21st century but some do take keen interest in it. There are some institutions that train people in this fine art.


Painters: They are thought by brush and some colors. Children from various age groups are given special training on this subject. Even adults receive trainings from various institutions.


Sketchers: They are people who can draw a full sized figure without using any colors. There is not much difference between a painter and a sketcher, they perform in the same field and are professional to do the same work. The only difference is the painter uses colors and a sketcher uses a pencil.


Employments

Many artists find their way in museums, advertising agencies, movie studios, newspapers and magazines where they could earn their livings. Competitions in the artistic field are generally high. Artists are required to create 3D animations in the movies and are dealt with multimedia to give a sizzling touch.


Artist can now perform in the medical field as medical illustration which will be in great demand once it reaches the market.

Pay Package

Salary structure varies greatly for artist; this could differ for a freelance artist who takes his work on a private base. He could be working from his home or may travel from door to door to gain some income. It has been estimated that an average craft artist can earn from $32,570 which could be different for an art director who could earn around $88,510.


Job Prospects

Artist can easily find their way; the sketchers can work in crime departments or with law enforcement agencies to sketch out a suspect. This could be done by hand or by drawing on the computers. Artist can also find themselves working for animated movies and creating 3D animations.

About the Author

Artistic work can be drawn in the field of entertainment where different artist could be seen in producing their skills. A person can find a bright career in the field of paintings and drawings, and if he is talented by birth then there are high chances to find a place in different sectors. For further information on education and career in drawings and paintings log on to www.jallsmedia.com

Howto: Intro to Technical Sketching - Straight Lines


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