Free Software Movement
Motivation
The software desenvolvedores in the decade of 70 frequently they shared their programs in a similar way to the beginnings of the free software. In the end of the same decade, the companies began to impose restrictions to the users with the use of contracts of software license.
In 1983, Richard Stallman began the project GNU, and in October of 1985 it founded Free Software Foundation (FSF). Stallman introduced the concepts of free software and copyleft, which were specifically developed to guarantee that the users' freedom was preserved.
Ideology: the differences between Free Software and Open Code
Many defenders of the free software argue that the freedom is valuable not only of the technical point of view, but also under the optics of the morals and ethics.
It is in this aspect that the movement of free (headed by FSF) software stands out of the movement of open (headed by OSI) code, that it emphasizes the technical superiority in relation to software proprietor, at least in potential.
The defenders of the open (also known as Open source in English) code argue regarding the pragmatic virtues of the free software instead of the moral subjects. The basic disagreement of the movements is in the speech.
While the focus of the movement headed by FSF calls the attention for values moral, ethical, rights and freedom, the movement headed by OSI defends a more pleasant speech to the companies.
With that, the movement of free software condemns the use and software proprietor's development, while the movement of open code is connivent with software proprietor's development.
The official definitions of free software and of open code they are the same, however written in different ways. OSI defines the open code using the definition Debian of free software, that is just a detalhamento of the 4 freedoms of FSF. This way every software of open code is also a free software.
The movement free software used to take a position on works that are not softwares and their respective documentations, but some defenders of the free software believe that other works that serve to a practical purpose should also be free (see Free content).
For the Movement of the free software, that it is a social movement, it is not ethical to arrest scientific knowledge, that it should always be available, for like this to allow the humanity's evolution.
Already the movement for the Open Code, that is a movement more returned to the market, it nails that the software of that type brings several technical and economical advantages. The second appeared to take the companies adopt her/it the model of development of free software.
As the difference between the movements "Free Software" and "Open Code" is just in the (Free / Livery and Open Source Software) argument on behalf of the same softwares, it is common that those groups join in several situations or that are mentioned of a form agregadora through the acronym "FLOSS."
Related movements
Inspired in GPL and in the proposals of the movement of the free software, a repository of public licenses was created, called Creative Commons, whose we have if they apply to varied creative works, as creations artistic colaborativas, texts and software. However most of these licenses is not recognized as really free for FSF and for the movement of free software.
The free software is inserted in a wider context where the information (of all of the types, not just software) is considered a legacy of the humanity and it should be free (vision this that is shocked directly to the traditional concept of intellectual property). Coerentemente, many of the people that contribute to the movements of Open Knowledge. I move of the free software, sites Wiki, Creative Commons, etc. . they are the scientific community's part.
Scientists are accustomed to work with processes of mutual (or for equal) revision and the developed content is joined to the global scientific knowledge. Although cases exist where the patents of products related to the scientific work are applied, the pure science, in general, is free.
Software Freedom Day
On September 20 the Day of the Freedom of the Software (Software Freedom Day) is commemorated all over the world with events involving the users' communities and desenvolvedores of free software.
Softwares Free notables
Below it is a list with the free softwares more known and used:
* Operating systems: GNU / Hurd, GNU / Linux, BSDs.
* Development tools:
Compiler C: GCC.
Compiler Pascal: Free Pascal.
Debugger GDB.
the Library standard of the language: C.
the advanced Text editor: Emacs.
the Tools for development in Flash and ActionScript: SWFTools
the development Platform: Eclipse (programming in Java and PHP) and NetBeans (Programming in C, C++, Java, Python, UML and other).
* Programming languages: Python, Java, Perl, PHP, Moon, Ruby, Skunks and Tcl.
* Servants:
the Servant of names: BIND.
the Agent of transport of messages (e-mail): Postfix sendmail.
the Servant web: Apache.
the Servant of files: Samba.
the Servant and email customer: Evolution.
the Servant of applications: Zope and Apache Tomcat.
* Databases relate: MySQL, Postgres.
* Programs of graphic interaction: GNOME, KDE and Xorg.
* Applications:
the Navegadores Web: Firefox, Konqueror and Google Chrome.
the office Package: OpenOffice.org.
the Word processors: OpenOffice.org Writer and AbiWord.
the Editor of presentation multimédia: OpenOffice.org Impress
the electronic Spreadsheet: OpenOffice.org Calc and GNumeric
the System of database administration: OpenOffice.org Base
CAD, (computer aided design) QCad.
the vectorial Drawing: Inkscape, Sodipodi and OpenOffice.org Draw.
the Desktop publishing: Scribus and OpenOffice.org Draw.
the Editor of images: Gimp.
the Editor web: Aptana.
EaD, Education the distance: Moodle
the Manager of Content (CM): Opencms, Drupal, Plone, WordPress (CM very used in blogs) and Joomla.
the Three-dimensional Modelling Blender3d, Wings3d
Renderização (static image): Yafray, POV-Ray
the Accessibility: Virtual Magnifying Glass.
the audio Edition: Audacity, Ardour
the Edition of musical scores: Rosegarden
the Publication in the Internet: SPIP
the Players multimédia: VLC and Mplayer.
* Mathematical system: Scilabe Máxima.
* Editorial business systems: TeX, Latex and MiKTeX
* System wiki: MediaWiki (system of wiki of Wikipedia).
* Telephony: Asterisk.
* Video composition: Cinelerra, Kdenlive
* Education: Gcompris [multidisciplinar], Tuxpaint, Tuxmath, etc.
See larger lists in the directory of the Foundation of the Free Software and in other several sites of projects in the Internet.
About the Author
Luis miguel love software especially the POS Software system. Visit my blog at Point Of Sale Software and see the Software POS
NetBeans UML: Developing Applications
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